二、原文、注释、语译及中译英 Original Text，Notes，Modern Chinese Translation，and English Translation

【原文】Original Text

黄帝问于岐伯曰：邪气之中人也奈何？岐伯答曰：邪气之中人高也。黄帝曰：高下有度乎？岐伯曰：身半已上者，邪中之也；身半已下者，湿中之也。故曰：邪之中人也，无有常，中于阴则溜于腑，中于阳则溜于经。

【注释】Notes

［1］邪气：这里指风雨寒暑等致病因素。

［2］溜：同“流”，行的意思。

【语译】Modern Chinese Translation

黄帝问岐伯说：外邪侵犯人体的情况怎样？岐伯说：风雨寒暑等邪气，多侵犯人体的上部。黄帝又问：部位的高下有一定的标准吗？岐伯说：上半身发病的，是受了风寒等外邪所致；在下半身发病的，是感受了清湿之邪所致。这是一般规律，但不是绝对如此，邪气侵犯人体，发病部位并不一定在它侵入的地方。这是因为邪气有一个传变的过程，例如，邪气伤了阴经，会流传到属阳的六腑；邪气侵犯了阳经的某个部位，可能就在这条经脉流传和发病。

【中译英】English Translation

Huangdi asked Qibo，“How does Xieqi（Evil-Qi）attack human body？”

Qibo answered，“Xicqi（Evil-Qi）usually attacks the upper［part of the body］.”

Huangdi asked，“How to measure the upper and lower［parts of the body］？”

Qibo said，“Pathogenic factor attacks the upper part of the body and dampness attacks the lower part of the body.That is why it is said that Pathogenic factor attacks the body without adefinite rule.［When ita］ttacks the Yin［Channel，it will］flow to the Fu-Organs；［when it］attacks the Yang［Channel，it will］flow in the Channel.”

【原文】Original Text

黄帝曰：阴之与阳也，异名同类，上下相会，经络之相贯，如环无端。邪之中人，或中于阴，或中于阳，上下左右，无有恒常，其故何也？岐伯曰：诸阳之会，皆在于面。中人也方乘虚时，及新用力，若饮食汗出腠理开，而中于邪。中于面则下阳明。中于项则下太阳，中于颊则下少阳，其中于膺背两胁亦中其经。

【语译】Modern Chinese Translation

黄帝说：经络虽有阴阳之分，但都是内连脏腑，外络肌肤，上下会通，左右联贯，如环无端，虽然名义有阴阳之分，其实都是运行气血的，是同属一类的。而外邪伤人，有的是阴经或阳经受病，或上或下，或左或右，没有一定常规，这是什么道理呢？岐伯说：手三阳经和足三阳经，都会聚于头面，所以，头为诸阳之会。邪气的中伤于人，一般都是乘经脉空虚之时，在劳累用力之后，或者饮食汗出，腠理开泄，气虚不固的时候都容易被邪气侵袭。邪气侵袭了面部，会沿阳明经脉下传。邪气侵袭了项部，会沿太阳经脉下传，邪气侵犯了颊部，则沿少阳经脉下传。若邪气侵犯了胸膺、脊背和两胁，也都分别在阳明经、太阳经、少阳经等所过之处发病。

【中译英】English Translation

Huangdi said，“Yin［Channels］and Yang［Channels］are named differently but belong to the same category.［They］converge with each other in the upper and lower［parts of the body］like a circle without an end.When attacking the body，Xie（Evil）may invade the Yin［Channel］or the Yang［Channel］or the upper and lower or the left and right［sides］.What is the reason？”

Qibo said，“All the Yang［Channels］converge over the face［and head］.［Pathogenic factors］attack the body when［Channels are］deficient，［when the body is］exhausted，［when there is］sweating and when the Couli（muscular interstices）are open after eating food and drinking water.［When］attacking the cheeks，Xieqi（Evil-Qi）will migrate downwards along the Yangming Channel；［When］attacking the chest，back and the ribside，Xieqi（Evil-Qi）will also invade their［Channels］1.”

【注释】Notes

［1］Channels here refer to Yangming Channel，Taiyang Channel and Shaoyang Channel.

【原文】Original Text

黄帝曰：其中于阴奈何？岐伯答曰：中于阴者，常从臂胻始。夫臂与胻，其阴皮薄，其肉淖泽，故俱受于风，独伤其阴。黄帝曰：此故伤其脏乎？岐伯答曰：身之中于风也，不必动脏。故邪入于阴经，则其脏气实，邪气入而不能客，故还之于腑。故中阳则溜于经，中阴则溜于府。

【注释】Notes

［1］胻：足胫部。

［2］淖泽：湿润的意思。在此作柔软解。

［3］故：此处是“先”的意思。

【语译】Modern Chinese Translation

黄帝问：邪气侵入阴经的情况怎么样呢？岐伯说：邪气侵入阴经的时候，通常是从手臂和足胫部的内侧开始。因为这些地方皮肤浅薄，肌肉比较柔弱，所以身体各部虽然同样受风，而这些部位却最易受伤。黄帝又问：在这种情况下邪气会先伤五脏吗？岐伯说：身体感受了风邪，不一定会伤及五脏，邪气侵入阴经时，若五脏之气充实，就不能入里停留，而还归于六腑。所以邪中于阳经的能直接在本经上发病，邪中于阴经，若脏气充实，不会向里传变，而是传流到和它相表里的六腑而发病。

【中译英】English Translation

Huangdi asked，“How does it invade the Yin Channel？”

Qibo answered，“［When］pathogenic factor attacks the Yin［Channels］，it usually start from the arm and the inner side of the tibia.The skin over the arm and the inner side of the tibia is thin and the muscles are soft.That is why they are easily to be attacked though wind often affects the whole body.”

Huangdi asked，“Does it damage the Zang-Organs？”

Qibo answered，“［When］wind attacks the body，［it will］not necessarily invade the Zang-Organs.So when Xie（Evil）invades the Yin［Channels］，Qi of the Zang-Organs is excessive.Since Xieqi（Evil-Qi）cannot maintain［in the Zang-Organs though it］invades the body，［it］turns to come into the Fu-Organs.So when attacking the Yang［Channels，pathogenic factors］flow in the Channels；when attacking the Yin［Channels，pathogenic factors］flow into the related Fu-Organs.”

【原文】Original Text

黄帝曰：邪之中人脏奈何？岐伯曰：愁忧恐惧则伤心，形寒寒饮则伤肺，以其两寒相感，中外皆伤，故气逆而上行。有所堕坠，恶血留内，若有所大怒，气上而不下，积于胁下，则伤肝。有所击仆，若醉入房，汗出当风，则伤脾。有所用力举重，若入房过度，汗出浴水，则伤肾。黄帝曰：五脏之中风奈何？岐伯曰：阴阳俱感，邪乃得往。黄帝曰：善哉。

【注释】Notes

［1］中外皆伤：中，指肺脏。外，指皮毛形体。皆伤，皆受到伤害。

［2］阴阳俱感：此处之阴指五脏而言，阳指六腑而言。五脏内有所伤，六腑外有所感，内外皆虚，邪气侵袭后得以深入，另一解释认为脏气内伤，再感受外邪，称为阴阳俱感。

【语译】Modern Chinese Translation

黄帝说：邪气侵犯人体，也有伤及五脏的，是为什么呢？岐伯说：这是因为五脏之气先伤于内，邪气才乘虚入里的，如心藏神，愁忧恐惧则伤神，若再感外邪则伤心。肺主皮毛，如外受风寒，又饮冷水，两寒相迫，则伤肺，肺气失于肃降则上逆。肝藏血，其经脉行于胁下，如跌仆坠堕，瘀血积留于内，又因大怒的刺激，肝气上逆，气血瘀阻，积于肋下，则伤肝。脾主肌肉而司运化，击仆或酔后入房、汗出当风，就会伤脾。肾藏精主骨，如用力举重，再加房事过度，或汗出沐浴，骨伤精亏，则伤肾。黄帝说：五脏为风邪所伤是怎么回事？岐伯说：一定要脏气先伤于内，再感外邪，在内外俱伤阴阳气血皆虚的情况下，风邪才能内侵入脏。黄帝说：你说得很好。

【中译英】English Translation

Huangdi asked，“How does Xie（Evil）attack the Zang-Organs？”

Qibo said，“Anxiety，worry and fear will damage the heart.Attack of cold and drinking cold water damage the lung because mixture of double cold will damage both the external and internal，and therefore making Qi flow adversely upwards.Blood stasis inside［the body］due to falling［from a high place］or stagnation of Qi in the chest due to excessive rage［that drives］Qi to flow upwards will damage the liver.Traumatic injury，sexual intercourse after drinking wine and exposure to wind after sweating will damage the spleen.Exerting oneself to hold heavy［object］，excessive sexual intercourse and bathing after sweating will damage the kidney.”

Huangdi asked，“How does wind attack the Five Zang-Organs？

Qibo said，“Only when both Yin and Yang1are damaged can Xie（Evil）invade the body？”

Huangdi said，“Good！”

【注释】Notes

［1］Yin refers to the Five Zang-Organs and Yang refers to the Six Fu-Organs.

【原文】Original Text

黄帝问于岐伯曰：首面与身形也，属骨连筋，同血合气耳。天寒则裂地凌冰，其卒寒，或手足懈隋，然而其面不衣，何也？

【注释】Notes

［1］同血合气耳：指头面与身体各处的气血都是一样的。

［2］凌冰：积冰的意思。

【语译】Modern Chinese Translation

黄帝问岐伯说：头面和全身上下各部，在筋骨的连属与气血的运行上，都是相同的，但当天寒地冻，滴水成冰，或突然寒冷的时候，手足凉得麻木不灵活，面部却不怕冷，不用衣物覆盖，这是什么缘故？

【中译英】English Translation

Huangdi asked Qibo，“The head，face and body are connected by bones and musculature and circulation of Qi and blood.When it is cold，the earth becomes fissured and the water is frozen.When it suddenly becomes extremely cold，the hands and feet feel numb and no long agile.But why the face does not need cloth to cover？”

【原文】Original Text

岐伯答曰：十二经脉，三百六十五络，其血气皆上于面而走空窍，其精阳气上走于目而为睛，其别气走于耳而为听，其宗气上出于鼻而为臭。其浊气出于胃，走唇舌而为味。其气之津液皆上熏于面，而皮又厚，其肉坚，故天气甚寒不能胜之也。

【语译】Modern Chinese Translation

岐伯回答说：人体十二经脉，三百六十五络脉的血气，都上注于面而走七窍。它的精阳之气，上注于目而能视物，它的旁行之气从两侧上行于耳而能听；它的宗气上通于鼻孔而能嗅，其谷气从胃上通唇舌而能辨别五味。而各种气所化的津液都上行熏蒸于面部，且面部皮肤较厚，肌肉也坚实，故天气虽寒冷，也能够适应。

【中译英】English Translation

Qibo answered，“Qi and blood in the twelve Channels and three hundred and sixty-five Collaterals all flow to the face and infuse into the Kongqiao（the seven orifices on the face）.The pure Yangqi infuses into the eyes［and that is why the eyes can］see；another branch of Qi flows into the ears［and that is why the ears can［hear］；the Zongqi（Thoracic-Qi）flows upwards into the nose［and that is why the nose can］smell；the Zhuoqi（Turbid-Qi）from the stomach flows to the lips and tongue［and that is why the tongue can］taste；the fluid［transformed by different kinds of Qi mentioned above］fumigates the face where the skin is thick and muscles are solid，that is why coldnesscannot damage the face.”

【原文】Original Text

黄帝曰：邪之中人，其病形何如？岐伯曰：虚邪之中身也，洒淅动形；正邪之中人也微，先见于色，不知于身，若有若无，若亡若存，有形无形，莫知其情。黄帝曰：善哉。

【注释】Notes

［1］虚邪：指四时反常的邪风，即虚邪贼风。

［2］正邪：四时正常之风气，乘人之虚，侵袭人体，故曰正邪。

【语译】Modern Chinese Translation

黄帝说：病邪侵犯人体，它发生的病态是怎样的呢？岐伯说：病邪有正邪和虚邪的区分，虚邪贼风伤人，发病较重，患者恶寒战栗，形体震动，四时正邪中人，发病较轻微，开始先从面色上有点变异，身上没有什么感觉，像有病又像无病，或在表面有些较轻微表现，但不明显，很容易被忽略过去。黄帝说：很好。

【中译英】English Translation

Huangdi asked，“How does the disease caused by cold attack manifest？”

Qibo answered，“When Xuxie（Deficiency-Evil）attacks the body，［it causes］aversion to cold and chills.When Zhengxie（Normal-Evil）attacks the body，［it usually leads to］changes of complexion first.But there are no changes in the body.［The patient］appears ill but does not feel uncomfortable.［Though the patient］feels normal，［actually he or she is］already ill.［Such a disorder is characterized by］changes of complexion and normal state of the body and is easily to be overlooked.”

Huangdi said，“Good！”

【原文】Original Text

黄帝问于岐伯曰：余闻之，见其色，知其病，命曰明。按其脉，知其病，命曰神。问其病，知其处，命曰工。余愿闻见而知之，按而得之，问而极之，为之奈何？岐伯答曰：夫色脉与尺之相应也，如桴鼓影响之相应也，不得相失也，此亦本末根叶之出候也，故根死则叶枯矣。色脉形肉不得相失也，故知一则为工，知二则为神，知三则神且明矣。

【注释】Notes

［1］桴鼓：桴，是鼓槌。桴鼓，是比喻事物相应，就像用鼓槌击鼓有声一样。

【语译】Modern Chinese Translation

黄帝问岐伯说：我听说观察患者面部的五色变化就能知道病情的，叫做明。切按脉象而知道病情的，叫做神。问发病情况而知病的部位的，叫做工。我愿了解为什么望色就能知道疾病，切脉就能知道病情变化，问病就可彻底了解病苦的所在，其道理究竟怎样？岐伯说：患者的气色、脉象、尺脉都与疾病的发生有一定的相应关系，疾病与尺肤、色脉的关系，犹如以槌击鼓，声响随之相应，是不会相失的。这也和树木的根本与枝叶的关系一样，根本坚固，枝叶就茂盛，根本衰败，枝叶就枯萎，因此看病时要从色、脉、形肉全面观察，不能有偏失。知其一仅为一般医生，称为工，知其二是比较高明的医生，称为神，知其三是最高明的医生，称为神明。

【中译英】English Translation

Huangdi asked Qibo，“I have heard［that those who］understand a disease by observing the complexion is known as excellent［doctors］，［those who］understand a disease by taking pulse is known as magic［doctors］and［those who］understand the location of a disease by inquiring［the patient］is known as ordinary［doctors］.I want to know why observation of complexion，taking pulse and inquiring［the patient］can enable［one］to understand a disease.”

Qibo answered，“The complexion，pulse and［the skin over］the cubit［region］are related to［the occurrence of disease］.［The relationship between the condition of］complexion，pulse and the skin over the cubit［region］and［the occurrence of disease is］just like a drumstick that beats a drum，always followed by rub-a-dub.［Such a relationship is］also like that between the root and leaves of a tree.［When］the root dies，the leaves must become withered.［So the condition of］complexion，pulse and the body must not be overlooked.Thus［those who］understand one［of three aspects］are ordinary［doctors］，［those who］understand two［of the three aspects］are excellent［doctors］and［those who］understand all the three［aspects］are both excellent and wise.”

【原文】Original Text

黄帝曰：愿卒闻之。岐伯答曰：色青者，其脉弦也；赤者，其脉钩也；黄者，其脉代也；白者，其脉毛；黑者，其脉石。见其色而不得其脉，反得其相胜之脉，则死矣；得其相生之脉，则病已矣。

【注释】Notes

［1］弦：弦脉的脉象是端直以长，如张弓弦，为肝脉。

［2］钩：脉来盛去衰曰“钩”，为心脉。

［3］代：在此处为脾之平脉，有更代的意思。脉象表现有数有疏，气不调匀，如相更代。

［4］毛：轻虚而浮的脉象曰“毛”，为肺脉。

［5］石：沉濡而滑之脉，为肾脉。

［6］相胜之脉：相胜就是相克，如肝病见肺之毛脉，是金克木，即为相胜之脉。

［7］相生之脉：指脉病相生，如肝病见肾之石脉，是水生木，即为相生之脉。

【语译】Modern Chinese Translation黄帝说：我愿听你全面地讲一下这个道理。岐伯回答说：疾病出现青色，它的脉是弦脉；红色，它的脉是钩脉；黄色，它的脉是代脉；白色，它的脉是毛脉；黑色，它的脉是石脉。这是色和脉相应的正常规律。若见其色而不见其脉，或反见其相克的脉，都主病危，甚则死亡；若能得相生之脉，虽然有病也会很快痊愈的。

【中译英】English Translation

Huangdi said，“I'd like to know the details.”

Qibo answered，“Bluish complexion［is usually accompanied by］taut pulse；reddish complexion［is usually accompanied by］hook pulse1；yellow complexion［is usually accompanied by］Dai pulse2；whitish complexion［is usually accompanied by］hairy pulse3；and blackish complexion［is usually accompanied by］stony pulse4.［When］the related pulse is observed but the corresponding pulse does not appear or the restricting pulse5appears instead，it inevitably leads to death；if the promoting pulse appears，the disease will gradually heal.”

【注释】Notes

［1］Hook（钩）pulse refers to the Heart-Pulse which appears full when coming and weak when receding.

［2］Dai（代）pulse，the normal pulse of the spleen，means alternative and appears now rapid and then slow.

［3］Hairy（毛）pulse，the Lung-Pulse，appears floating and weak.

［4］Stony（石）pulse，the Kidney-Pulse，appears deep and slippery.

［5］Restricting（相盛）pulse means the pulse that is related to the organ which restricts the one in question according to the Wuxing（Five Elements），such as Hairy pulse of the lung appearing in the liver disease which indicates the relationship of Metal restricting Wood.

【原文】Original Text

黄帝问于岐伯曰：五脏之所生，变化之病形何如？岐伯答曰：先定其五色五脉之应，其病乃可别也。黄帝曰：色脉已定，别之奈何？岐伯说：调其脉之缓、急、小、大、滑、涩，而病变定矣。

【注释】Notes

［1］缓、急：指脉搏的快慢而言。

［2］滑、涩：指脉的形态而言。滑脉的脉象是往来流利，如盘走珠。涩脉的脉象是虚细而迟，往来觉难，如轻刀刮竹。

【语译】Modern Chinese Translation

黄帝向岐伯问道：五脏所发生的疾病，以及疾病的变化和所表现的不同形态怎样认识呢？岐伯回答说：要首先确定五色和五脉所主的疾病，则五脏所生的疾病就不难辨别了。黄帝说：气色和脉象已经确定了，怎样对五脏病变进行具体的区分呢？岐伯说：只要诊察出脉搏的缓与急，脉象的大、小、滑、涩等情况，病变就可确定了。

【中译英】English Translation

Huangdi asked Qibo，“What are the symptoms and signs of the diseases related to the Five Zang-Organs？”

Qibo answered，“First［we have to］decide the diseases related to the five kinds of voices and five kinds of pulses in order to differentiate diseases.”

Huangdi said，“How to differentiate diseases when［the condition of］complexion and pulse is already decided？”

Qibo said，“Examining the slow，rapid，small，large，slippery and unsmooth［conditions of］the pulse can differentiate the changes of diseases.”

【原文】Original Text

黄帝曰：调之奈何？岐伯答曰：脉急者，尺之皮肤亦急；脉缓者，尺之皮肤亦缓；脉小者，尺之皮肤亦减而少气；脉大者，尺之皮肤亦贲而起；脉滑者，尺之皮肤亦滑；脉涩者，尺之皮肤亦涩。凡此变者，有微有甚。故善调尺者，不待于寸，善调脉者，不待于色。能参合而行之者，可以为上工，上工十全九；行二者，为中工，中工十全七，行一者，为下工，下工十全六。

【注释】Notes

［1］调：有“察”的意思。

［2］贲：大的意思。

【语译】Modern Chinese Translation

黄帝说：怎样观察脉象和尺肤的变化呢？岐伯说：脉搏急的，尺肤的皮肤也紧急；脉搏缓的，尺肤也弛缓；脉象小的，尺肤也瘦小；脉象大的，尺肤也大而隆起；脉象滑的，尺肤也滑润；脉象涩的，尺肤也枯涩。但是这六种变化，是有轻重不同的。所以善于诊察尺肤的，不必等诊察寸口的脉象，就能知道病情，善于诊察脉象的，不必等待观望五色，也可以了解病情。假如能将色、脉、尺肤三方面加以综合，就可使诊断更正确而成为高明医生，这样，10个患者可以治好9个；如能运用两种诊察方法的医生，为中等的医生，10个患者能治好7个；若只会用一种诊察方法的，为下等医生，10个患者只能治愈6个。

【中译英】English Translation

Huangdi asked，“How to examine［the changes of pulse and skin over the cubit region］？”

Qibo answered，“［If］the pulse is rapid，the skin over the cubit［region］appears tense；［if］the pulse is slow，the skin over the cubit［region］is flabby；［if］the pulse is small，the skin over the cubit［region］appears withered；［if］the pulse is large，the skin over the cubit［region］appears brawny；［if］the pulse is slippery，the skin over the cubit［region］is also slippery；［if］the pulse is unsmooth，the skin over the cubit［region］is also unsmooth.Such changes vary［in degree］，some are mild and some are severe.So［those who are］good at examining the cubit［region］need not examine the Cunkou［pulse in diagnosing diseases］and［those who are］good at examining the pulse need not examine the complexion［in diagnosing diseases］.［Those who］can make a synthetic analysis［of the complexion，pulse and skin over the cubit region］are excellent［doctors］.Excellent doctors can cure nine［patients］out of ten.［Those who］can make good use of two［of the three methods mentioned above］are ordinary doctors who cure seven［patients］out of ten.［Those who can］just make use［of one of the three methods mentioned above］are poor doctors who can just cure six［patients］out of ten.”

【原文】Original Text

黄帝曰：请问脉之缓、急，小、大，滑、涩之病形何如？岐伯曰：臣请言五脏之病变也。心脉急甚者为瘛疭；微急为心痛引背，食不下。缓甚为狂笑；微缓为伏梁，在心下，上下行，时唾血。大甚为喉吤；微大为心痹引背，善泪出。小甚为善哕，微小为消瘅。滑甚为善渴；微滑为心疝引脐，小腹鸣。涩甚为瘖；微涩为血溢，维厥，耳鸣，颠疾。

【注释】Notes

［1］瘛疭：痉挛牵引称瘛，纵缓不收称疭。

［2］伏梁：病名，为心之积，在心下。

［3］喉吤：喉间如有物梗阻的意思。

［4］维厥：维指四维，即手足，维厥即手足厥逆的意思。

【语译】Modern Chinese Translation

黄帝说：请问缓、急、小、大、滑、涩这集中脉都主什么样的病变呢？岐伯说：我先谈一下关于五脏见此六脉微甚的病变。心脉急甚，是寒伤血脉，发生筋挛瘛疭；心脉微急，是寒微邪在心胸，所以心胸牵引背部作痛，食不能下。心脉缓甚为心气大热，所以出现神不安而为狂笑；微缓为热聚心下，久则积为伏梁，在心下，其气上下行，或升或降，有时出现唾血。心脉大甚，为心火上炎，故喉中如有物梗阻；微大是血脉不通的心痹，心痛引背，因心脉上连目系，故常流泪。心脉小甚，为心阳虚，阳虚则胃寒上逆而作呃逆；微小为善食、善饥的消瘅病。心脉滑甚为阳盛有热，故口渴；微滑为热在下，故病心疝引脐痛而肠鸣。心脉涩甚则瘖不能言；微涩则为吐血、衄血、四肢厥逆，以及耳鸣等头部疾病。

【中译英】English Translation

Huangdi asked，“What are the manifestations of diseases when the pulse is slow，rapid，small，large，slippery and unsmooth？”

Qibo said，“Please allow me to talk about the changes of the diseases related to the Five Zang-Organs.Rapid Heart-Pulse indicates Chizong（spasm and flaccidity）；slightly rapid［Heart-Pulse］indicates heartache involving the back and inability to take food；extremely slow［Heart-Pulse］indicates wild laughter；slightly slow［Heart-Pulse］indicates Fuliang（mass of the heart）below the heart with upward and downward flow［of Qi］and occasional vomiting of blood；extremely large［Heart-Pulse］indicates obstruction of the throat；slightly large［Heart-Pulse］indicates［heartache due to］obstruction of the heart involving the back and frequent tearing；extremely small［Heart-Pulse］indicates frequent hiccup；slightly small［Heart-Pulse］indicates Xiaodan1；extremely slippery［Heart-Pulse］indicates frequent thirst；slightly slippery［Heart-Pulse］indicates heart-hernia involving the navel and borborygmus；extremely unsmooth［Heart-Pulse］indicates loss of voice；slightly unsmooth［Heart-Pulse］indicates Weijue（coldness of the four extremities），tinnitus and vertex disease.”

【注释】Notes

［1］Xiaodan（消瘅）refers to either Xiaoke（消 渴consumptive and thirst disease）or a disease marked by emaciation caused by internal heat due to Yin Xu deficiency.

【原文】Original Text

肺脉急甚为癫疾；微急为肺寒热，怠惰，咳唾血，引腰背胸，若鼻息肉不通。缓甚为多汗；微缓为痿瘘，偏风，头以下汗出不可止。大甚为胫肿；微大为肺痹引胸背，起恶见日光。小甚为泄，微小为消痹。滑甚为息贲上气，微滑为上下出血。涩甚为呕血；微涩为鼠瘘，在颈支腋之间，下不胜其上，其应善酸矣。

【注释】Notes

［1］鼻息肉：即鼻中生有息肉。

［2］痿瘘：痿即肺痿、痿躄等证；瘘为鼠瘘一类疾病。

［3］息贲：为肺之积。肺气有结，喘息上贲，故称为息贲。

【语译】Modern Chinese Translation

肺脉急甚的，出现癫疾，微急的，是肺有寒热，出现倦怠乏力、咳而唾血，咳时牵引胸部和腰背部作痛，以及鼻中息肉阻塞而呼吸不畅。肺脉缓甚的，气虚多汗；微缓的，出现四肢痿软、肺痿等，以及鼠瘘、半身不遂，头部以下汗出不止的症状。肺脉大甚的，足胫肿，微大则为肺痹，可出现烦满喘息呕吐等症状，而且牵引胸背作痛，其人怕见日光。肺脉小甚的，出现泄泻等阳虚症状；微小的，是消瘅的表现，可见善食善饥的中热症状。肺脉滑甚的，是痰热壅肺，可见喘满气逆；微滑的，是热伤血络，在上则为衄血，在下则为泄血。肺脉涩甚的，主呕血；微涩的，主鼠瘘，病发于颈项与腋下，下肢酸软无力，难于支撑上部的重压。

【中译英】English Translation

“Extremely rapid［Lung-Pulse］indicates epilepsy；slightly rapid［Lung-Pulse］indicates cold and heat in the lung，lassitude，cough and vomiting of blood involving the chest，waist and back，nasal polyp and unsmooth breath；extremely slow［Lung-Pulse］indicates excessive sweating；slightly slow［Lung-Pulse］indicates Weilou1，paralysis，excessive sweating over the part below the head；extremely large［Lung-Pulse］indicates swollen legs；slightly large［Lung-Pulse］indicates obstructive［Syndrome］of the lung involving the chest and back and aversion to light；extremely small［Lung-Pulse］indicates diarrhea；slightly small［Lung-Pulse］indicates Xiaodan（thirst-consumptive disease or disease marked by emaciation）；extremely slippery［Lung-Pulse］indicates Xifen2（lumps located at the right hypochondrium）；slightly slippery［Lung-Pulse］indicates hemorrhage in the upper and lower3；extremely unsmooth［Lung-Pulse］indicates vomiting of blood；slightly unsmooth［Lung-Pulse］indicates Shulou（scrofula）between the neck and the armpit and weakness of the lower limbs that cannot support the upper part of the body.”

【注释】Notes

［1］Weilou（痿瘘）：Wei（痿）refers to Feiwei（肺痿）which，literally flaccidity Syndrome of the lung，is a disease，due to damage of the lung resulting from the consumption of body fluid and the accumulation of pathogenic heat in the interior，characterized by cough with thick and frothy sputum，emaciation，thirst，dyspnea，feeble and rapid pulse.Lou（瘘）refers to Shulou（鼠瘘）which is similar to scrofula.

［2］Xiben（息贲）is a disease due to retention of phlegm and pathogenic heat，and stagnation of Lung-Qi，usually accompanied by rapid respiration，chest pain，backache，hemoptysis，fever，chilliness and cough，etc.

［3］Hemorrhage in the upper and lower（上下出血）refers to epistaxis and hematochezia.

【原文】Original Text

肝脉急甚者为恶言；微急为肥气，在胁下若覆杯。缓甚为善呕，微缓为水瘕痹也。大甚为内痈，善呕衄；微大为肝痹，阴缩，咳引小腹。小甚为多饮；微小为消瘅。滑甚为疝；微滑为遗溺。涩甚为溢饮；微涩为瘛挛筋痹。

【注释】Notes

［1］肥气：是肝之积的病名，在胁下，如覆杯，突出如肉，故名肥气。

［2］水瘕痹：就是水结在胸胁下，结聚成形而小便不通的病。

［3］肝痹：是一种因肝气郁滞而造成夜卧多惊，多饮，小便频数，腹部胀满如怀孕一样的疾病。

［4］疝：疝气的一种。阴囊肿大，叫做。

【语译】Modern Chinese Translation

肝脉急甚的，主情绪急躁愤怒，故听言而恶；微急的，为肝之积肥气，在胁下的部位，形状好像扣着的杯子一样。肝脉缓甚的为呕吐；微缓为水积胸胁而小便不利的水瘕痹病。肝脉大甚，主内有痈肿，经常出现呕吐和衄血；微大为肝痹病。阴器收缩，咳而牵引小腹作痛等病。肝脉小甚为血不足，当为多饮；微小为善食善饥的消瘅病。肝脉滑甚为阴囊肿大的疝病；微滑为遗尿病。肝脉涩甚为水湿溢于四肢的溢饮病；微涩为筋瘛挛不舒的筋痹病。

【中译英】English Translation

“Extremely rapid［Liver-Pulse］indicates dislike of［listening to other people's］talk；slightly rapid［Liver-Pulse］indicates Feiqi（mass due to liver disorder）at the hypochondrium like a inverted cup；extremely slow［Liver-Pulse］indicates frequent vomiting；slightly slow［Liver-Pulse］indicates Shuixiabi（retention of fluid in the chest and difficulty in urination）；extremely large［Liver-Pulse］indicates interior abscess，vomiting and epistaxis；slightly large［Liver-Pulse］indicates obstructive Syndrome of the liver，shrinkage of the external genitals and cough involving the lower abdomen；extremely small［Liver-Pulse］indicates excessive drinking of water；slightly small［Liver-Pulse］indicates Xiaodan（thirst-consumptive disease or disease marked by emaciation）；extremely slippery［Liver-Pulse］indicates Kuishan（hernia and swollen scrotum）；slightly slippery［Liver-Pulse］indicates enuresis；extremely unsmooth［Liver-Pulse］indicates Yiyin（retention of dampness and fluid in the four limbs）；slightly unsmooth［Liver-Pulse］indicates Jinbi（obstructive Syndrome of tendons marked by flaccidity and spasm）.”

【原文】Original Text

脾脉急甚为瘛疭；微急为膈中，食饮入而还出，后沃沫。缓甚为痿厥；微缓为风痿，四肢不用，心慧然若无病。大甚为击仆；微大为痞气，腹裹大脓血，在肠胃之外。小甚为寒热；微小为消瘅。滑甚为癃；微滑为虫毒蛕蝎腹热。涩甚为肠；微涩为内溃，多下脓血。

【注释】Notes

［1］膈中：食入即吐的病，叫做膈中。

［2］后沃沫：是大便下冷沫。

［3］痿厥：痿指四肢痿软无力，厥指厥冷而言。

［4］心慧然若无病：就是心里很清楚，和无病的人一样。

［5］击仆：就是卒中病。

［6］痞气：脾之积曰痞气，在胃脘，复大如盘，久不愈，令人四肢不收，发黄瘅，饮食不为肌肤。

［7］癃：指疝病而言，癃，疲困的意思，指疝病疲困不解。

［8］虫毒蛕蝎：蛕同“蛔”，即蛔虫；蝎，木中蠹虫曰蝎。虫毒蛕蝎，形容肠内的寄生虫，如蛔虫等寄生体内毒害人体，致人于病。

［9］肠：脉涩，气少血多而寒，故冷气冲下，广肠脱出，名曰肠，亦妇人带下病也。

【语译】Modern Chinese Translation

脾脉急甚的为脾寒，脾寒不能温养四肢，所以出现瘛疭；微急的是脾阳虚，不能运化，以致食入而吐，这种病名为膈中，脾阳虚则大便下冷沫。脾脉缓甚为四肢痿软无力而厥冷；微缓为风痿病，四肢痿废不用，病在经络而不在内脏，所以神志清楚，和无病的人一样。脾脉大甚为卒然仆倒的卒中病；微大为脾之积的痞气病，腹裹大脓血，在肠胃之外。脾脉小甚为寒热病；微小为内热消瘅。脾脉滑甚，为阴囊肿大疲困不解的疝病；微滑为腹内有蛔虫等肠寄生虫，寄生体内毒害人体，虫毒亦可引起腹部发热。脾脉涩甚为广肠脱出的肠病；微涩是肠内溃烂腐败，故大便下脓血。

【中译英】English Translation

“Extremely rapid［Spleen-Pulse］indicates Chicong（spasm and flaccidity of tendons and vessels）；slightly rapid［Spleen-Pulse］indicates Gezhong（vomiting right after eating），｛vomiting after taking food｝12 and frothy stool；extremely slow［Spleen-Pulse］indicates Weijue（flaccidity and coldness of the four limbs）；slightly slow［Spleen-Pulse］indicates Wind-Flaccidity and flaccidity of the four limbs［with the signs of being］as conscious as healthy people；extremely large［Spleen-Pulse］indicates Jipu（sudden faint）；slightly large［Spleen-Pulse］indicates Piqi（mass of the spleen）and massive pus and bleeding in the abdomen and outside the intestines and stomach；extremely small［Spleen-Pulse］indicates cold and heat；slightly small［Spleen-Pulse］indicates Xiaodan（thirst-consumptive disease or disease marked by emaciation）；extremely slippery［Spleen-Pulse］indicates Kuilong（lingering hernia with swollen scrotum）；slightly slippery［Spleen-Pulse］indicates abdominal heat by parasites；extremely unsmooth［Spleen-Pulse］indicates Changkui（prolapse of sigmoidorectum）；slightly unsmooth［Spleen-Pulse］indicates interior abscess which frequently leads to pus and bloody stool.”

【原文】Original Text

肾脉急甚为骨癫疾；微急为沉厥奔豚，足不收，不得前后。缓甚为折脊；微缓为洞，洞者，食不化，下嗌还出。大甚为阴痿；微大为石水，起脐以下至小腹腄腄然，上至胃脘，死不治。小甚为洞泄；微小为消瘅。滑甚为癃；微滑为骨痿，坐不能起，起则目无所见。涩甚为大痈；微涩为不月沉痔。

【注释】Notes

［1］骨癫疾：是癫疾的危重症，病深在骨，脾肾两败。

［2］沉厥奔豚：沉厥指下肢沉重厥冷；奔豚为肾积，发自少腹，上至胸咽，若豚之奔突，故名。

［3］折脊：形容腰脊痛如折。

［4］石水：是水肿病的一种。以腹水，腹部胀满为主症。

［5］小腹腄腄然：腄同“垂”，重而下坠的意思。小腹腄腄，形容小腹胀满下垂的样子。

［6］沉痔：一种解释认为是内痔。另一种认为是经久不愈的痔。

【语译】Modern Chinese Translation：

肾脉急甚，为邪深入骨，邪气壅闭的骨癫疾；肾脉微急为沉厥病，肾的寒气上逆发为奔豚，两足难以屈伸，及大小便不通。肾脉缓甚，为腰脊痛如折；微缓为洞泄病，这是因为肾病不能蒸化脾土，化生水谷，饮食不化，即从大便排出，或出现下咽即吐的病，肾脉大甚为阴痿不起；微大为石水病，水结于少腹，从脐以下至小腹部，上至胃脘皆胀硬如石，为不易治疗的危重症候。肾脉小甚为肾虚不能固摄而为洞泄；微小为精血不足，而为消瘅。肾脉滑甚为有热，故为大便不利，或为疝；微滑为肾虚内热，不能生髓养骨，而为骨痿，坐不能起，起则眼目昏花视物不清。肾脉涩甚为气血阻滞，而形成大痈；微涩为气血不利，可出现女子月经不行，或内痔等症。

【中译英】English Translation r

“Extremely rapid［Kidney-Pulse］indicates Gudianji（epilepsy involving the bone）；slightly rapid［Kidney-Pulse］indicates Chenjue（heaviness and coldness of lower limbs），Bentun（mass of the kidney starting from the abdomen and moving to the chest and throat like a running pig），flaccidity of feet and inability to defecate and urinate；extremely slow［Kidney-Pulse］indicates（pain of）the spine like being broken；slightly slow［Kidney-Pulse］indicates Dong which means diarrhea with indigested food in it right after taking food or vomiting right after drinking water；extremely large［Kidney-Pulse］indicates Yinwei（impotence）；slightly large［Kidney-Pulse］indicates Shishui（edema marked by ascites and abdominal flatulence and fullness），heaviness and dropping sensation from below the navel and the lower abdomen to the chest and stomach which is a critic condition and difficult to be cured；extremely small［Kidney-Pulse］indicates Dongxie（diarrhea with indigested food in it right after taking food）；slightly small［Kidney-Pulse］indicates Xiaodan（thirst-consumptive disease or disease marked by emaciation）；extremely slippery［Kidney-Pulse］indicates Longkuiun（smooth urination and hernia with swollen scrotum）；slightly slippery［Kidney-Pulse］indicates Guwei（flaccidity of bone），inability to sit and blurred vision after standing up；extremely unsmooth［Kidney-Pulse］indicates major abscess；slightly unsmooth［Kidney-Pulse］indicates amenorrhea and internal hemorroids.”

【原文】Original Text

黄帝曰：病之六变者，刺之奈何？岐伯答曰：诸急者多寒；缓者多热；大者多气少血；小者血气皆少；滑者阳气盛，微有热；涩者多血少气，微有寒。是故刺急者，深内而久留之。刺缓者，浅内而疾发针，以去其热，刺大者，微泻其气，无出其血。刺滑者，疾发针而浅内之，以泻其阳气而去其热。刺涩者，必中其脉，随其逆顺而久留之，必先按而循之，已发针，疾按其痏，无令其血出，以和其脉。诸小者，阴阳形气俱不足，勿取以针，而调以甘药也。

【注释】Notes

［1］循：此处作按摩解。

［2］痏：音“尾”，疮瘢之义。

【语译】Modern Chinese Translation

黄帝说：关于疾病所出现的6种脉象变化，针刺的方法怎样？岐伯说：凡是脉象紧急的多是有寒邪，脉象缓的多属热；脉象大的多属气有余而阴血虚少；脉小的都属气血不足；脉滑的是阳盛而有热；脉涩的气滞血少，微有寒象。因此，在针刺时，对急脉及相应的病变深刺，留针时间长一点，使寒去阳生；对缓脉及相应的病变要浅刺而快出针，以散其热；对大脉及相应的病变要用轻泻的刺法，微泻其气，不能出血，使气血调和；对滑脉及相应的病变用浅刺快出针的方法，以泻亢盛的阳气，而泄其热；对于涩脉及相应的病变，针刺难于得气，选取经脉宜准确，必须刺中其脉，根据症状的逆和顺，可以久留针并按摩肌肉，以导脉外的气，出针后，要很快按住针孔，不要出血，使经脉中气血调和；至于脉象小的，是气血俱虚，阴阳形气都不足，不必用针刺治疗，可用甘味药调补。

【中译英】English Translation

Huangdi asked，“What are the needling［methods used to deal with］six changes［of pulse］in related diseases？”

Qibo answered，“All kinds of rapid［pulse］indicate cold；all kinds of slow［pulse］indicates heat；all kinds of large［pulse］indicate excess of Qi and deficiency of blood；all kinds of small ［pulse］indicate insufficiency of both Qi and blood；all kinds of slippery［pulse］indicate superabundance of Yangqi；all kinds of slightly slippery［pulse］indicate heat；all kinds of unsmooth［pulse］indicate excess of blood and deficiency of Qi；all kinds of slightly［unsmooth pulse］indicate cold.So the needling［technique for］rapid［pulse and the related disease should be］deep and［the needle should be］retained［in the selected Acupoint］for a longer period of time.The needling［technique］for slow［pulse and the related disease should be］shallow and［the needle should be］withdrawn immediately［after insertion］in order to remove heat.The needling［technique］for large［pulse and the related disease should be］slightly reducing to reduce Qi without causing bleeding.The needling［technique］for slipper［pulse and the related disease should be］shallow and［the needle should be］withdrawn immediately［after insertion］to reduce Yangqi and remove heat.The needling［technique］for unsmooth［pulse and the related disease should be］inserting［the needle right on］the related Channel，retaining［the needle］for a long period of time according to the pathological condition［and followed by］pressing the muscles to guide［the flow of Qi］.After the withdrawal［of the needle］，the needled Acupoint should be pressed immediately to prevent bleeding and to regulate［Qi and blood in］the Channel.Small［pulse indicates］deficiency of Yin，Yang and body Qi which cannot be cured by acupuncture but should be treated by herbs sweet in taste.”

【原文】Original Text

黄帝曰：余闻五脏六腑之气，荥腧所入为合，令何道从入，入安连过，愿闻其故？岐伯答曰：此阳脉之别入于内，属于腑者也。黄帝曰：荥输与合，各有名乎？岐伯答曰：荥输治外经，合治内腑。黄帝曰：治内腑奈何？岐伯曰：取之于合。黄帝曰：合各有名乎？岐伯答曰：胃合于三里；大肠合入于巨虚上廉；小肠合入于巨虚下廉；三焦合入于委阳，膀胱合入于委中央；胆合入于阳陵泉。黄帝曰：取之奈何？岐伯答曰：取之三里者，低跗；取之巨虚者，举足；取之委阳者，屈伸而索之；委中者，屈而取之；阳陵泉者，正竖膝予之齐，下至委阳之阳取之；取诸外经者，揄申而从之。

【注释】Notes

［1］入安连过：这是问手足三阳脉气进入合穴后，又和哪些脏腑经脉有互相连属的关系。

［2］正竖膝予之齐：即正身蹲坐，使两膝齐平的意思。

［3］揄申而从之：牵引或伸展四肢来寻找穴位。

【语译】Modern Chinese Translation

黄帝说：我听说五脏六腑之气，都出于井穴，从荥输入而归于合穴，其气血从何道注入合穴，进入后又和哪些脏腑经脉有互相连属的关系呢？请你将其中道理讲给我听。岐伯说：这就是手足阳经从别络进入内部而连属于六腑的过程。黄帝说：荥输与合穴，在治疗上又怎样分别呢？岐伯说：荥输的气脉浮浅，可以治外经的病，合则气脉深入，可以治内脏的病。黄帝说：人体内部的脏腑，怎样治疗呢？岐伯说：要取三阳经的合穴。黄帝说：三阳的合穴都有名称吗？岐伯说：足阳明胃的合穴在三里，手阳明大肠的脉气，循足阳明胃脉，合于巨虚上廉；手太阳小肠之气，循足阳明脉合于巨虚下廉；手少阳三焦合于足太阳之委阳穴，委阳为三焦下辅腧；足太阳膀胱合于委中；足少阳胆合于阳陵泉。黄帝说：合穴怎样取法呢？岐伯说：取足三里穴要使足背低平；巨虚穴则要举足而取；取委阳要屈伸下肢，认真寻索；委中穴要屈膝而取；阳陵泉要正身蹲坐使两膝齐平，在委阳的外侧寻取；治疗在外的经脉的病，要取荥输，它们的取法是牵拉伸展四肢，使经脉舒展，气血流畅，然后寻取。

【中译英】English Translation

Huangdi said，“I have heard that Qi of the Five Zang-Organs and Six Fu-Organs flows into the He-Sea［Acupoint］from the Ying-Spring［Acupoint］.I'd like to know from which pathway［Qi］flows into［the He-Sea Acupoint］and with which［Channel it is］connected.”

Qibo answered，“The branches of the Yang Channels［of both the hand and foot］run into the interior and are connected with the Fu-Organs.”

Huangdi asked，“What are the functions of the Ying-Spring and He-Sea［Acupoints］？”

Qibo answered，“The Ying-Spring［Acupoint can be needled］to treat［disorders of］the external Channels while the He-Sea［Acupoint can be needled］to treat［disorders of］the Fu-Organs.”

Huangdi asked，“How to treat［disorders of］the Fu-Organs？”

Qibo answered，“［The disorders of the Fu-Organs can be treated by］needling the He-Sea［Acupoints on the three Yang Channels］.”

Huangdi asked，“Do the He-Sea［Acupoints］have names respectively？”

Qibo answered，“The He-Sea［Acupoint of］the Stomach Channel is Zusanli（ST36）；the He-Sea［Acupoint of］the Large Intestine Channel is Shangjuxu（ST37）；the He-Sea［Acupoint of］the Small Intestine Channel is Xiajuxu（ST39）；the He-Sea［Acupoint of］the Sanjiao（Triple Energizer）Channel is Weiyang（BL39）；the He-Sea［Acupoint of］the Bladder Channel is Weizhong（BL40）；the He-Sea［Acupoint of］the Gallbladder Channel is Yanglingquan（GB34）.”

Huangdi asked，“How to locate［these He-Sea Acupoints］？”

Qibo answered，“To locate Zusanli（ST36），the foot dorsum should be lowered；to locate Shangjuxu（ST37）and Xiajuxu（ST39），the foot should be raised up；to locate Weiyang（BL39），［the lower limbs should be］bent and extended to differentiate it carefully；to locate Weizhong（BL40），［the knees should be］bent；to locate Yanglingquan（GB34），［the patient should］squat straight with the knees kept at the same level and the Acupoint is located at the lateral side of Weiyang（BL39）；to locate the［Acupoints located on］the external Channels，［the limbs are］pulled to find the accurate position.”

【原文】Original Text

黄帝曰：愿闻六腑之病？岐伯答曰：面热者，足阳明病；鱼络血者，手阳明病；两跗之上脉坚若陷者，足阳明病，此胃脉也。

【注释】Notes

［1］面热者，足阳明病：阳明脉循行而部，面热是阳明病的表现。

［2］鱼络血者：是说手鱼际的部位血脉郁滞或有瘀斑。

【语译】Modern Chinese Translation

黄帝说：我愿听你讲述一下六腑的病变情况。岐伯说：足阳明经脉行于面，面部发热就是足阳明有了病变；手阳明脉行于鱼际之后，内连太阴，故手鱼际脉郁滞或有瘀血斑点是手阳明病；两足背的冲阳脉，出现坚实或虚软下陷现象的，也是足阳明病，因为足背冲阳穴部位属于足阳明胃脉。

【中译英】English Translation

Huangdi said，“I'd like to know the diseases of the Six Fu-Organs.”

Qibo answered，“Feverish sensation over the face indicates disorders of the Yangming Channel of Foot；stagnation of blood in the thenar region indicates disorders of the Yangming Channel of Hand；hardness and depression on the Channel over the dorsa of feet indicates disorders of the Yangming Channel of Foot［which is］the Channel of Stomach.”

【原文】Original Text

大肠病者，肠中切痛，而鸣濯濯，冬日重感于寒即泄，当脐而痛，不能久立，与胃同候，取巨虚上廉。

【注释】Notes

［1］濯濯：为肠鸣音。

［2］当脐而痛：大肠正当脐之部位，故当脐而痛为大肠症状之一。

［3］与胃同候：指大肠与胃有密切联系，大肠气与胃气具合于上巨虚，所以大肠病可取胃的巨虚穴来治疗。

【语译】Modem Chinese Translation

大肠病，肠中急痛，由于传导失常，水液停留，所以肠鸣濯濯，冬天再受了寒邪就会引起泄泻和当脐疼痛，痛时甚至不能站立，大肠连属于胃，故可以取胃经的巨虚上廉来治疗。

【中译英】English Translation

“The large intestinal disease［is characterized by］sharp intestinal pain with gurgling noise.Attack by cold in winter will cause diarrhea and pain around the navel［which is so painful that the patient］cannot stand for a longer period of time.［Since the large intestine is］connected with the stomach，［this disease can be treated by］needling Shangjuxu（ST37）.”

【原文】Original Text

胃病者，腹䐜胀，胃脘当心而痛，上肢两胁，膈咽不通，食饮不下，取之三里也。

【注释】Notes

［1］䐜胀：指胀满膨起。

【语译】Modern Chinese Translation

胃病，可出现腹胀膨满，胃脘部疼痛甚则两胁胀，膈和咽部阻塞不畅，饮食不下。治疗可以取足三里穴。

【中译英】English Translation

“The stomach disease，［characterized by］abdominal flatulence，stomachache involving the hypochondria，obstruction of the diaphragm and throat and inability to take food，［can be treated by］needling Zusanli（ST36）.”

【原文】Original Text

小肠病者，小腹痛，腰脊控睾而痛，时窘之后，当耳前热，若寒甚，若独肩上热甚，及手小指次指之间热，若脉陷者，此其候也。手太阳病也，取之巨虚下廉。

【注释】Notes

［1］时窘之后：指痛甚窘急，而欲大便。

【语译】Modern Chinese Translation

小肠病，小腹作痛，腰脊牵引睾丸痛，还有大小便窘急的感觉。或循着经脉的走向出现耳前发热，或寒甚，或肩上热甚，手小指次指间热甚，络脉虚陷不起，都属于小肠病证候。可以取小肠经合穴巨虚下廉进行治疗。

【中译英】English Translation

“The small intestinal disease［is characterized by］lower abdominal pain，pain of scrotum due to contraction of the back and spine，urgency in defecation and urination，feverish or cold sensation［over the region］anterior to the ears sensation，or only extreme feverish sensation in the shoulders and feverish sensation［in the region］between the small finger and the fourth finger.If there is depression［in the region through which］the Channel ［runs］，it is［small intestinal］disease.The disease of the Taiyang Channel of Hand［can be treated by］needling Xiajuxu（ST39）.”

【原文】Original Text

三焦病者，腹胀气满，小腹尤坚，不得小便，窘急，溢则为水，留即为胀，候在足太阳之外大络，大络在太阳、少阳之间，赤见于脉，取委阳。

【语译】Modern Chinese Translation

三焦病则气化不行，故腹气胀满，小腹部胀得更甚，小便不通而甚感窘迫，水道不利，水溢于皮下为水肿，或停留在腹部为水胀病。三焦病也可以观察足太阳外侧大络的变化，大络在太阳经与少阳经之间，为三焦的下输委阳，三焦有病，此处脉必现赤色，治疗时取委阳穴。

【中译英】English Translation

“Sanjiao（Triple Energizer）disease［is characterized by］abdominal flatulence and fullness，hardness of the lower abdomen，dysuria，urgency in urination，edema due to extravasation［of fluid beneath the skin］，distension due to retention［of fluid in the abdomen］，changes of the major Collateral lateral to the Taiyang Channel of Foot.The major Collateral is located between the Taiyang and Shaoyang［Channels］and also seen over the Channel.［This disease can be treated by］needling Weiyang（BL39）.”

【原文】Original Text

膀胱病者，小腹偏肿而痛，以手按之，即欲小便而不得，肩上热若脉陷，及足小指外廉及胫踝后皆热，若脉陷，取委中。

【语译】Modern Chinese Translation

膀胱病的症状是小腹部偏肿而疼痛，用手按之，即有尿意，但却不能排出。由于膀胱经脉起于足小趾外侧，循胫踝上行于肩背，所以膀胱病可引起足小趾外侧，胫踝及肩上发热，或者其循行部位的脉下陷不起，治疗时可以取膀胱经的合穴委中。

【中译英】English Translation

“Bladder disease［is characterized by］lower abdominal swelling and pain，desire to urinate but failure to discharge urine under the pressure of hand，feverish sensation in the shoulder or depression［in the region along which］the Channel ［runs］，feverish sensation in the lateral side of the small toe and behind the leg and ankle or depression［in the region along which］the Channel ［runs］.［This disease can be treated by］needling Weizhong（BL40）.”

【原文】Original Text

胆病者，善太息，口苦，呕宿汁，心下澹澹，恐人将捕之，嗌中吤吤然，数唾，在足少阳之本末，亦视其脉之陷下者，灸之，其寒热者取阳陵泉。

【注释】Notes

［1］澹澹：跳动的意思。

［2］足少阳之本末：指足少阳经的起止而言。

【语译】Modern Chinese Translation

胆病则气郁不畅，常常叹出长气，口苦，因精汁上溢而呕出苦水，同时出现精神不安，心跳恐惧，好像有人要逮捕他一样。咽中如物梗阻，总想将它唾出来。对这些病的治疗，可以在足少阳经从起至止的循行通路上选择穴位，对因气血不足而出现脉陷下的部位，可以施用温灸的方法，如胆病而有寒热现象的，可取足少阳的合穴阳陵泉刺治。

【中译英】English Translation

“Gallbladder disease［is characterized by］frequent sigh，bitter taste in the mouth，vomiting of bitter juice，palpitation，anxiety as if fear of being arrested，obstructive feeling in the throat，frequent spitting.［This disease can be treated by selecting Acupoints located along the pathway from］the beginning to the terminating points of Shaoyang［Channel］of Foot.Moxibustion［can be applied to］the depression in the Channel.［If there are symptoms of］chilliness and fever，Yanglingquan（GB34）should be needled.”

【原文】Original Text

黄帝曰：刺之有道乎？岐伯答曰：刺此者，必中气穴，无中肉节。中气穴则针游于巷，中肉节即皮肤痛，补泻反则病益笃。中筋则筋缓，邪气不出，与其真相搏，乱而不去，反还内著。用针不审，以顺为逆也。

【注释】Notes

［1］气穴：即腧穴。因其和经气相通，故称气穴。

［2］肉节：肉有节界，是谓肉节。

［3］中气穴则针游于巷：是形容针刺得当，刺中穴位后，针感即沿经脉循行路线出现。

［4］补泻反则病益笃：补泻不当，补实泻虚就会使病情加重。

【语译】Modern Chinese Translation

黄帝说：针刺以上诸穴有一定的规律吗？岐伯说：针刺这些穴位一定要刺中气穴，切不可刺于肉节。因为刺中气穴，就如针游于空巷之内，经脉就能得以疏通，若刺到肉节上，只能损伤良肉，使皮肤疼痛，起不到治疗作用。此外，补泻手法也要正确使用，假若虚证用了泻法，或实证用了补法，当补而泻，当泻而补，疾病必因此而加重。如果误刺在筋上，不仅会伤筋而造成弛缓，而且病邪无由而出，与真气纠缠斗争，扰乱人体的气机，甚至还会内陷，固着于体内，使疾病更加深入发展。这都是用针不审慎，刺法错乱所造成的恶果。

【中译英】English Translation

Huangdi asked，“Are there any rules in acupuncture？”Qibo answered，“To needle［these Acupoints，the needles］must be inserted into Qixue（Acupoints），not into muscular juncture.When inserted in Qixue（Acupoints），［the needle is felt like］wandering along a lane［without any obstruction］；when inserted in muscular juncture，［it］immediately［causes］skin pain.Wrongly use of reinforcing and reducing［techniques］will worsen the disease.When inserted into the tendons，it leads to flaccidity of tendons and cannot remove Xieqi（Evil-Qi）.［On the contrary，it brings on］struggle between［pathogenic factors］and Zhengqi（Healthy-Qi），causing disorders and retention of［pathogenic factors］.［These problems are caused by］carelessness in applying acupuncture，and turning a favourable［syndrome］into an unfavourable［one］.”